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Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis

(Benl) T.Koyama (1989)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Cyperaceae Genus: Gahnia

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Tall perennials with woody, erect to spreading rhizomes.

Stems: culms 120–160 cm tall, 5–10 mm in diameter in lower part, terete (cylindrical), smooth, 4–6–nodose between the base and and the inflorescence.

Roots: Fibrous root system.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Leaves numerous, basal and cauline. Blades coriaceous, linear, slightly shorter than or longer than the culm, 10–15 mm wide. Apex gradually attenuate and long caudate-acuminate. Margins involute, serrulate–scabrous. Veins parallel. Sheathing; basal sheaths dark purplish brown or dusky brown, the cauline sheaths green, tinged with purplish brown toward base. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescence a large, effuse, decompound panicle 30–90 cm long, 5–15 cm wide, densely branched, bearing numerous spikelets, sometimes slightly interrupted in lower part, leafy bracts narrowly linear or the upper ones subsetaceous, usually slightly shorter than the inflorescence, the sheathing base dark purplish brown, 2–5 cm long, peduncles 2– 4 together, branched, bracteoles black, spathaceous; spikelets solitary, obovoid in fruit, 3–3.5 mm long, ca. 1.2–1.5 mm wide, 1–flowered; glumes 4–5, the lower 1–2 dark brown, membranous, ovate, 2.5–3 mm long, acuminate and short-awned at apex, equaling to slightly longer than the 3 upper glumes, 1–nerved, the 3 upper glumes blackish brown, ovate, obtuse or mucronate, ca. 2 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect) or staminate. Calyx (sepals) absent. Corolla (petals) absent. Stamens 3. filaments ca. 10 mm or more long strongly flexuous or crisped. Ovary superior; styles elongate, the base conical–subulate, persistent at achene apex.

Fruit: Achenes yellowish brown; eventually turning blackish brown; glossy; obovoid–ellipsoid; trigonous; 1.7–2.6 mm long; 1–1.5 mm wide. Seeds 1; seed coat thin; free from pericarp; embryo basal; endosperm abundant.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in open sites in wet forest and margins of bogs; vicinity of Alaka'i Swamp to Mount Wai'ale'ale.

Elevation Range: 610–1,590 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 29: 126 (1989)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1410 (K)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Merlin Edmonds ME73 Kauai PTBG 1/25/2012
2 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information w/ Smilax, Vaccinium, Broussaisia, Melicope, Lobelia, Cheirodendron, Machaerina, Gahnia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 3258 Kauai PTBG 6/24/1994
3 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros polymorpha var. pumila-Dicranopteris-Machaerina wind-swept hilly bogs w/ riparian Metrosideros-Dicranopteris Cheirodendron Montane Wet Forests below in Hanakapiai headwater east drainage. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 5269 Kauai PTBG 6/4/1996
4 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 7339 Kauai PTBG 5/27/1998
5 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 17482 Kauai PTBG 7/27/2017
6 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Dicranopteris wet forest and deeply carved drainage with riparian vegetation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 16406 Kauai PTBG 4/10/2015
7 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Thomas B. Croat 44969 Kauai PTBG 12/5/1978
8 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 684 Kauai PTBG 12/16/1983
9 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 2276 Kauai PTBG 8/4/1987
10 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Dicranopteris wet forest and deeply carved drainage with riparian vegetation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 15434 Kauai PTBG 3/6/2013
11 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN l. cranwell, o. selling & c. skottsberg 2892 Oahu US 8/15/1938
12 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. p. perlman 18644 Kauai US 10/10/2003
13 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 8871 Kauai US
14 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & a. b. greenwell 21652 Oahu US 1/19/1952
15 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN e. bryan jr. 1472 Kauai US 8/2/1940
16 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On wet rocks PRESERVED_SPECIMEN YPM
17 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Low, wet elfin cloud forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 6051 Kauai PTBG 6/18/1988
18 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8871 Kauai BISH 10/1/1911
19 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takeuchi, W.N. Alakai 65 Kauai BISH 10/30/1982
20 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 2079 Kauai BISH 7/31/1980
21 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information sloping bog PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 6283 Kauai BISH 11/21/1989
22 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. l. wagner, d. h. lorence, r. hanford & k. wood 6283 Kauai US 11/21/1989
23 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information open, shrubby PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. greenwell, a. collector number: 21652 Kauai BISH 1/19/1952
24 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 9020 Kauai BISH 10/1/1911
25 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kauai BISH 7/14/1932
26 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information swampy forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cranwell, l.m. selling, o.; skottsberg, c. collector number: 2892 Kauai BISH 8/13/1938
27 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Woolford, H.A. 407 Kauai BISH 12/28/1956
28 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Moist Metrosideros woods PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 19976 Kauai BISH 2/10/1939
29 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN woolford, h.a. collector number: 407 Kauai BISH 12/28/1956
30 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stone, b.c. collector number: 1526 Kauai BISH 12/27/1956
31 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 8871 Kauai BISH 10/1/1911
32 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information rain forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. hauser, h.; caum, e. collector number: 23940 Kauai BISH 9/18/1955
33 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information open, swampy rain forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 27243 Kauai BISH 11/26/1960
34 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 2079 Kauai BISH 7/31/1980
35 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stone, B.C. 1526 Kauai BISH 12/27/1956
36 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Growing on left side of trail in a little open patch with Ti, Euphorbia celastroides, Wikstroemia oahuensis, Acacia koa, etc PRESERVED_SPECIMEN bryan jr., e.h. collector number: 1472 Oahu BISH 8/2/1940
37 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Moist Metrosideros woods PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 19976 Kauai BISH 2/10/1939
38 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information sloping bog PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. lorence, d.; hanford, r.; wood, k. collector number: 6283 Kauai BISH 11/21/1989
39 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information forested PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Bryan Jr., E.H. 1472 Kauai BISH 8/2/1940
40 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Wet Forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 22951 Kauai BISH 12/22/1947
41 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information rain forest clearing PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 27246 Kauai BISH 11/16/1960
42 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information open, swampy rain forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 27243 Kauai BISH 11/26/1960
43 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. cowan, r.s.; webster, g.l.; wilbur, r.l. collector number: 22951 Maui BISH 12/22/1947
44 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 9020 Kauai BISH 10/1/1911
45 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN takeuchi, w.n. collector number: alakai 65 Kauai BISH 10/30/1982
46 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information open, shrubby PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 21652 Kauai BISH 1/19/1952
47 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information swampy forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cranwell, L.M. 2892 Kauai BISH 8/13/1938
48 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s.n. Kauai BISH 7/14/1932
49 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information rain forest clearing PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. cadenhead, w. collector number: 27246 Kauai BISH 11/16/1960
50 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 9020 Kauai BISH 10/1/1911
51 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 9020 Kauai BISH 10/1/1911
52 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information rain forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 23940 Kauai BISH 9/18/1955
53 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN thomas b. croat croat 44887 MO 12/3/1978
54 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN thomas b. croat croat 44969 MO 12/5/1978
55 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros mixed bogs. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 3425 Kauai PTBG 8/12/1994
56 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros open forest with mixed understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 12584 Kauai PTBG 10/14/2007
57 Gahnia vitiensis subsp. kauaiensis (Benl) T.Koyama Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Almost undisturbed low elevation rain forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 2666 Kauai PTBG 12/10/1987
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